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Grain Size Analysis (Sieve + Hydrometer) for Limerick Construction Projects

Evidence-based design. Reliable delivery.

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Our Limerick laboratory runs a full shaker stack of 200 mm diameter sieves, from 75 mm down to the 75-micron pan, coupled with a calibrated 151H hydrometer for the fines fraction. The procedure follows ASTM D422 and D6913 protocols, which matter here because of the Shannon Estuary alluvium and glacial tills that dominate Limerick's subsurface. We dry the sample overnight at 105°C in a digitally controlled oven, then split it with a riffler to obtain a representative mass before the mechanical shaking begins. The hydrometer side uses a 1000 mL sedimentation cylinder with dispersing agent, and we log temperature and meniscus corrections at each reading interval. For clients needing a complete ground model, we often pair this with in-situ permeability testing when the silt content exceeds 35%.

A single hydrometer reading at 24 hours tells you more about settlement potential than a dozen SPT blows.

Our service areas

Methodology and scope

The damp climate of the Shannon Basin means that Limerick soils arrive at the lab with elevated natural moisture content, sometimes above the plastic limit before we even begin. We address this with a controlled air-dry phase at 50°C maximum, never forced drying that could alter clay mineralogy. The sieving operation separates the coarse fraction on a stack that meets ISO 3310-1 mesh tolerances, while the hydrometer analysis captures particle diameters from 75 microns down to roughly 0.5 microns using Stokes' Law sedimentation. One critical check is the combined mass balance: the sum of retained fractions plus the hydrometer-derived fines must stay within 2% of the initial oven-dry mass, or we rerun the test. Contractors on the Limerick Northern Distributor Road often need both the PSD curve and the Atterberg limits to classify the material under the Irish Specification for Road Works Series 600.
Grain Size Analysis (Sieve + Hydrometer) for Limerick Construction Projects
Technical reference — Limerick

Local considerations

NSAI guidance and Eurocode 7 (IS EN 1997-2:2007) require particle size distribution as a basis for soil description and parameter selection. In Limerick, skipping the hydrometer portion on silty alluvial deposits leads to underestimating frost susceptibility and drainage potential. A sample logged as 'sandy gravel' by eye can contain 12% clay fines that drastically reduce permeability. The real risk is in foundation design: if the D10 and D30 values are wrong, filter design for drainage blankets under Limerick's commercial developments becomes unreliable. We have seen cases where misclassification by visual inspection alone added six weeks of redesign after excavation revealed the true material.

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Email: contact@geotechnical-engineering.co

Applicable standards

ASTM D422-63 (Reapproved 2007) – Standard Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis of Soils, ASTM D6913/D6913M-17 – Standard Test Methods for Particle-Size Distribution (Gradation) of Soils Using Sieve Analysis, BS 1377-2:1990 – Methods of test for soils for civil engineering purposes – Classification tests, IS EN ISO 17892-4:2016 – Geotechnical investigation and testing – Laboratory testing of soil – Part 4: Determination of particle size distribution

Technical parameters

ParameterTypical value
Test standardASTM D422 / D6913, BS 1377-2
Sieve diameter range75 mm to 75 μm (No. 200)
Hydrometer type151H, calibrated at 20°C
Sedimentation cylinder1000 mL, ASTM E100
Dispersing agentSodium hexametaphosphate (40 g/L solution)
Minimum sample mass200 g for fine soils; 500 g for sandy soils
Reporting parametersD10, D30, D60, Cu, Cc, % gravel/sand/silt/clay
Turnaround time3 to 5 working days from receipt

Frequently asked questions

How much does a grain size analysis cost in Limerick?

A standard combined sieve and hydrometer test costs between €90 and €150 per sample, depending on the number of sieves requested and whether rush processing is needed. Sieve-only analysis for coarse materials starts at the lower end of that range.

How much sample material do I need to bring to the lab?

For fine-grained soils we need at least 500 grams of representative material in a sealed bag. For sandy or gravelly soils, bring 2 to 3 kg to ensure we have enough coarse fraction for the full sieve stack. Keep the sample at its natural moisture content until delivery.

What is the difference between wash sieving and dry sieving?

Wash sieving uses water to separate fines adhering to coarse particles through the 75-micron sieve before drying and mechanical shaking. Dry sieving skips the washing step and is only reliable when the material is clean with negligible silt and clay content. We select the method based on visual inspection of each sample.

Location and service area

We serve projects across Limerick and its metropolitan area.

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